Understanding U.S. Citizenship Requirements

Becoming a U.S. citizen through naturalization is a significant milestone, providing individuals with full rights and protections under U.S. law. However, not everyone qualifies immediately. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) requires applicants to meet specific eligibility criteria before applying for naturalization.

In this guide, we’ll break down the key requirements for U.S. citizenship, the naturalization process, and common obstacles applicants may face.

Thinking about applying for citizenship? Contact us for expert legal guidance on your naturalization journey.

Key U.S. Citizenship Requirements

To apply for U.S. citizenship, most applicants must meet the following criteria:

✅ Be at least 18 years old at the time of filing Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization).
✅ Have lawful permanent resident (green card) status for a certain number of years.
✅ Meet the physical presence and continuous residence requirements.
✅ Demonstrate good moral character.
✅ Pass an English and civics test (with some exceptions).
✅ Take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States.

Residency and Physical Presence Requirements

Continuous Residence

Applicants must have maintained continuous residence in the U.S. for:

5 years if applying through general naturalization.
3 years if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen (spouses of U.S. citizens under INA 319(a)).

What breaks continuous residence?

Extended travel outside the U.S. for 6 months or longer may disrupt continuous residence, requiring applicants to restart the waiting period.

Physical Presence

Applicants must be physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the last 5 years (or 18 months out of 3 years for spouses of U.S. citizens).

Common mistakes:

Leaving the U.S. for extended periods without re-entry permits.
Assuming continuous residence means the same as physical presence.

Good Moral Character (GMC) Requirement

To qualify for naturalization, applicants must prove they have good moral character (GMC) during the required residence period.

Common issues affecting GMC:
⚠️ Criminal offenses, including DUIs, fraud, drug-related crimes, or violent offenses.
⚠️ Failure to pay taxes or child support.
⚠️ Providing false information on immigration forms.

English and Civics Test Requirement

Most naturalization applicants must pass a:

✔ Basic English test (reading, writing, and speaking).
✔ U.S. Civics test covering history, government, and constitutional principles.

Exemptions & Accommodations:

Applicants over 50 or 55 years old with long-term residency may qualify for an exemption from the English test.
Those with medical disabilities can apply for a waiver using Form N-648 (Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions).

How to Apply for U.S. Citizenship

Step 1: File Form N-400 – Complete and submit the Application for Naturalization.
Step 2: Attend Biometrics Appointment – USCIS collects fingerprints and background checks.
Step 3: Citizenship Interview & Exam – Answer questions about your background and take the English & Civics Test.
Step 4: Receive a Decision – USCIS may approve, continue, or deny your application.
Step 5: Take the Oath of Allegiance – Once approved, applicants attend a naturalization ceremony and receive a Certificate of Citizenship.

Common Reasons for Citizenship Denials

🚫 Criminal history or immigration violations.
🚫 Failure to meet residency or physical presence requirements.
🚫 Failure to pay taxes or provide accurate financial information.
🚫 Errors in the application process.

How Benach, Pitney, & Reilly Immigration Can Help

Our experienced immigration attorneys assist with:

✔ Assessing citizenship eligibility and identifying risks.
✔ Helping with Form N-400 preparation to avoid errors.
✔ Preparing clients for naturalization interviews and tests.
✔ Handling denials and filing appeals.

Applying for U.S. citizenship is an important step, but it requires careful preparation to meet all eligibility criteria. Benach, Pitney, & Reilly Immigration helps applicants navigate the naturalization process successfully.

Ready to apply for U.S. citizenship?

Why Partner with Benach, Pitney, & Reilly Immigration

Personalized Strategy: Each case receives a tailored approach based on specific circumstances.
Proven Track Record: Success in uniting families through immigration solutions.
Clear Communication: Regular updates and transparency throughout the legal process.
Dedicated Advocacy: Persistent efforts to achieve favorable case outcomes.

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